The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.